Overall, the association between dietary factors and type 2 diabetes has been extensively studied, but few of the associations were graded as high quality of evidence. Further factors are likely to be important in type 2 diabetes prevention; thus, more well conducted research, with more detailed assessment of diet, is needed (BMJ)
Diabetes News
Category: Diet
Dietary fats and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis in two population based cohort studies
In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher intake of PUFAs, in comparison with carbohydrates or saturated fatty acids, is associated with lower total mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. These findings highlight the important role of quality of dietary fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and total mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes (BMJ)
Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss
Consistent with the perspective that MetS is a pathologic state that manifests as dietary carbohydrate intolerance, these results show that compared with eucaloric high-carbohydrate intake, LC/high-fat diets benefit MetS independent of whole-body or fat mass (JCI Insight – American Society for Clinical Investigation)
Low versus high carbohydrate diet in type 1 diabetes: A 12‐week randomized open‐label crossover study
Compared with an intake of 250 g of carbohydrate per day, restriction of carbohydrate intake to 100 g per day in adults with type 1 diabetes reduced time spent in hypoglycaemia, glycaemic variability and weight with no effect on cardiovascular risk factors (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Variation of carbohydrate intake in diabetic children on carbohydrate counting
Children varied their CI significantly from one meal to another more than one in three times. CC offers flexibility and a better quality of life for children using this method (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Carbohydrate restriction for glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
There was no overall pooled effect on HbA1c in favour of restricting carbohydrate; however, restriction of carbohydrate to 50–130 g per day had beneficial effects on HbA1c in trials up to 6 months (Diabetic Medicine)
Ascorbic acid supplementation improves postprandial glycaemic control and blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes: Findings of a randomized cross‐over trial
People with type 2 diabetes experienced improved postprandial and 24 h glycaemia and decreased blood pressure after 4 months of AA supplementation when compared to placebo. These findings offer evidence for the proposed use of AA as an adjunct therapy to improve glycaemic and blood pressure control in people with type 2 diabetes (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Fat Versus Carbohydrate-Based Energy-Restricted Diets for Weight Loss in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
A diet with an optimal macronutrient composition remains uncertain for patients with combined T2D and obesity. Further research is still needed to define the best dietary composition that achieves the maximum benefits on weight management, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors (Current Diabetes Reports)
Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients
In the foreseeable future, we will probably witness a wider range of dietary interventions and more incretin-based medications used for restoring both gastric emptying and glycemic levels to nearly physiological levels (Journal of Diabetes Research)
Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark
High gluten intake by mothers during pregnancy could increase the risk of their children developing type 1 diabetes. However, confirmation of these findings are warranted, preferably in an intervention setting (BMJ)
Diabetes and Diet: A Patient and Dietitian’s Perspective
This article has been co-authored by a patient with type 2 diabetes and a specialist dietitian. Here they discuss the patient’s experience and difficulties with controlling weight and strategies that can help a patient in this situation (Diabetes Therapy)
Effects of n−3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus
Among patients with diabetes without evidence of cardiovascular disease, there was no significant difference in the risk of serious vascular events between those who were assigned to receive n−3 fatty acid supplementation and those who were assigned to receive placebo (NEJM)
The Gut Microbiome as a Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
The studies discussed in this review suggest that individuals who are obese are likely to have an imbalance in gut microbiota composition and a ‘gut signature’ varying with metabolic control (Current Diabetes Reports)
Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes
In this article, we examine the evidence for areas of consensus as well as ongoing uncertainty or controversy about dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. What is the best dietary approach? Is it possible to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle behaviour changes or is it inevitably a condition causing progressive health decline? (BMJ)
Diabetes, driving and fasting during Ramadan: the interplay between secular and religious law
Ultimately further research on glycemic control and management when fasting and driving, as well as a formal legal guidance on this topic, is required to safeguard healthcare professionals and the public from the potential dangers of driving with diabetes and fasting (BMJ)
Dietary habits associated with reduced insulin resistance: The Nagahama Study
Dietary habits associated with lower insulin resistance were eating fish dishes, miso soup or vegetable dishes every day and eating staple foods for dinner, egg dishes or fruits less frequently (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes
Our set of nutrition recommendations for adults with diabetes and those at risk of Type 2 diabetes have been written for healthcare professionals who are supporting them (Diabetes UK)
Postprandial glucose‐lowering effect of premeal consumption of protein‐enriched, dietary fiber‐fortified bar in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or normal glucose tolerance
Acute administration of premeal PFB decreased postprandial glucose excursion in both type 2 diabetes mellitus and NGT participants. In the type 2 diabetes mellitus participants, premeal PFB augmented the early‐phase insulin secretion, possibly through enhancing glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion (Journal of Diabetes Investigation)
Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Carbohydrate-restricted diets, in particular those that restrict carbohydrate to < 26% of total energy, produced greater reductions in HbA1c at 3 months (WMD -0.47%, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.23) and 6 months (WMD -0.36%, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.09), with no significant difference at 12 or 24 months (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial
Our findings show that, at 12 months, almost half of participants achieved remission to a non-diabetic state and off antidiabetic drugs. Remission of type 2 diabetes is a practical target for primary care (The Lancet)
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