A diet with an optimal macronutrient composition remains uncertain for patients with combined T2D and obesity. Further research is still needed to define the best dietary composition that achieves the maximum benefits on weight management, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors (Current Diabetes Reports)
Diabetes News
Category: Diet
Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients
In the foreseeable future, we will probably witness a wider range of dietary interventions and more incretin-based medications used for restoring both gastric emptying and glycemic levels to nearly physiological levels (Journal of Diabetes Research)
Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark
High gluten intake by mothers during pregnancy could increase the risk of their children developing type 1 diabetes. However, confirmation of these findings are warranted, preferably in an intervention setting (BMJ)
Diabetes and Diet: A Patient and Dietitian’s Perspective
This article has been co-authored by a patient with type 2 diabetes and a specialist dietitian. Here they discuss the patient’s experience and difficulties with controlling weight and strategies that can help a patient in this situation (Diabetes Therapy)
Effects of n−3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus
Among patients with diabetes without evidence of cardiovascular disease, there was no significant difference in the risk of serious vascular events between those who were assigned to receive n−3 fatty acid supplementation and those who were assigned to receive placebo (NEJM)
The Gut Microbiome as a Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
The studies discussed in this review suggest that individuals who are obese are likely to have an imbalance in gut microbiota composition and a ‘gut signature’ varying with metabolic control (Current Diabetes Reports)
Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes
In this article, we examine the evidence for areas of consensus as well as ongoing uncertainty or controversy about dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. What is the best dietary approach? Is it possible to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle behaviour changes or is it inevitably a condition causing progressive health decline? (BMJ)
Diabetes, driving and fasting during Ramadan: the interplay between secular and religious law
Ultimately further research on glycemic control and management when fasting and driving, as well as a formal legal guidance on this topic, is required to safeguard healthcare professionals and the public from the potential dangers of driving with diabetes and fasting (BMJ)
Dietary habits associated with reduced insulin resistance: The Nagahama Study
Dietary habits associated with lower insulin resistance were eating fish dishes, miso soup or vegetable dishes every day and eating staple foods for dinner, egg dishes or fruits less frequently (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes
Our set of nutrition recommendations for adults with diabetes and those at risk of Type 2 diabetes have been written for healthcare professionals who are supporting them (Diabetes UK)
Postprandial glucose‐lowering effect of premeal consumption of protein‐enriched, dietary fiber‐fortified bar in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or normal glucose tolerance
Acute administration of premeal PFB decreased postprandial glucose excursion in both type 2 diabetes mellitus and NGT participants. In the type 2 diabetes mellitus participants, premeal PFB augmented the early‐phase insulin secretion, possibly through enhancing glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion (Journal of Diabetes Investigation)
Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Carbohydrate-restricted diets, in particular those that restrict carbohydrate to < 26% of total energy, produced greater reductions in HbA1c at 3 months (WMD -0.47%, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.23) and 6 months (WMD -0.36%, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.09), with no significant difference at 12 or 24 months (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial
Our findings show that, at 12 months, almost half of participants achieved remission to a non-diabetic state and off antidiabetic drugs. Remission of type 2 diabetes is a practical target for primary care (The Lancet)
Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high carbohydrate, low fat diet in type 2 diabetes: a 2 year randomized clinical trial
Both diets achieved comparable weight loss and HbA1c reductions. The LC sustained greater reductions in diabetes medication requirements, and improvements in diurnal blood glucose stability and blood lipid profile, with no adverse renal effects, suggesting greater T2D management optimisation (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Protein Intake, Especially Vegetable Protein Intake, Is Associated with Higher Skeletal Muscle Mass in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
We found that total protein intake, especially vegetable protein intake, was positively associated with skeletal muscle mass in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (Journal of Diabetes Research)
Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study
High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality, whereas saturated fat had an inverse association with stroke. Global dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings (Lancet)
Acceptability of a very-low-energy diet in Type 2 diabetes: patient experiences and behaviour regulation
Dietary treatment for reversal of Type 2 diabetes is acceptable and feasible in motivated participants, and the process is perceived as highly gratifying (Diabetic Medicine)
Efficacy of Low Carbohydrate Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management
The results suggested a beneficial effect of LCD intervention on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The LCD intervention also had a positive effect on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations, but without significant effect on long term weight loss (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Remission of pre-diabetes to normal glucose tolerance in obese adults with high protein versus high carbohydrate diet: randomized control trial
This is the first dietary intervention feeding study, to the best of our knowledge, to report 100% remission of pre-diabetes with a HP diet and significant improvement in metabolic parameters and anti-inflammatory effects compared with a HC diet at 6 months (BMJ Open, Diabetes Research & Care)
Effects of Saturated Fat, Polyunsaturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate on Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis
This meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials provides evidence that dietary macronutrients have diverse effects on glucose-insulin homeostasis. In comparison to carbohydrate, SFA, or MUFA, most consistent favourable effects were seen with PUFA, which was linked to improved glycaemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion capacity (PLOS Medicine)
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