This study identified patients’ phenotypic characteristics that may have the potential to influence individual treatment response. Accounting for these characteristics in clinical treatment decisions may facilitate individualised prescribing by being able to select the right drug for the right patient (Diabetes Therapy)
Diabetes News
Category: Genetics
Economics of Genetic Testing for Diabetes
CEAs have shown that genetic testing for monogenic diabetes diagnosis can be cost-effective or cost-saving and should guide insurers to consider broader coverage of these tests, which would lead to accurate and timely diagnosis and impact treatment and clinical outcomes (Current Diabetes Reports)
A variant of the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 modifies the glycaemic response to metformin therapy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes
The variant rs8192675 in the SLC2A2 gene (C allele) is associated with an improved glucose response to metformin monotherapy during the first year after diagnosis in type 2 diabetes (Diabetologia)
A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk
The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives (Diabetes Care)
MC1568 improves insulin secretion in islets from type 2 diabetes patients and rescues β-cell dysfunction caused by Hdac7 upregulation
HDAC7 inhibition protects β-cells from mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets from human T2D donors. Our study supports specific HDAC7 inhibitors as novel options in the treatment of T2D (Acta Diabetologica)
The Role of Epigenetics in Type 1 Diabetes
Epigenomics remains in its infancy, and we anticipate further studies will define how the interaction of genetic and non-genetic effects induces tissue-specific destruction and enhances our ability to predict, and possibly even modify that process (Current Diabetes Reports)
Sox5 regulates beta-cell phenotype and is reduced in type 2 diabetes
We suggest that human islets in T2D display changes reminiscent of dedifferentiation and highlight SOX5 as a regulator of β-cell phenotype and function (Nature Communications)
Relative contribution of type 1 and type 2 diabetes loci to the genetic etiology of adult-onset, non-insulin-requiring autoimmune diabetes
LADA is genetically closer to T1D than T2D, although the genetic load of T1D risk alleles is less than childhood-onset T1D, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex region, potentially accounting for the later disease onset. Our results show that the genetic spectrum of T1D extends into adult-onset diabetes, where it can clinically masquerade as T2D (BMC Medicine)
Heritable components of the human fecal microbiome are associated with visceral fat
Our results provide novel insights into the role of the fecal microbiota in cardio-metabolic disease with clear potential for prevention and novel therapies (Genome Biology)
Epigenomic alterations contribute to obesity-associated diabetes
Epigenomic alterations that are associated with inflammation and type 2 diabetes (Karolinska Institutet)
Increased Melatonin Signaling Is a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes
Our study is one of the first pharmacogenetic studies in the field of T2D, employing a recall-by-genotype design. It demonstrated that the effect of melatonin on glucose metabolism is dependent upon genotype. Although yet to be proven, carriers of the MTNR1B risk variant are likely to have lower cAMP levels in pancreatic β cells. In view of this, incretin-based therapy, which amplifies cAMP signaling in β cells, may be particularly well suited for these patients (Cell Metabolism)
Forkhead box transcription factor 1: role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy
In this review, we focus on the FOXO1 pathway and its role in various processes that have been related to DCM, such as metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis (Cardiovascular Diabetology)
CLOCK gene variation is associated with incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in type-2 diabetic subjects: dietary modulation in the PREDIMED randomized trial
We report for the first time an association between a CLOCK polymorphism and stroke in T2D subjects, suggesting that core clock genes may significantly contribute to increased CVD risk in T2D (Cardiovascular Diabetology)
Genetic Factors Drive Roles of Gut Bacteria in Diabetes and Obesity
Joslin study examines how bacterial and mammalian genomics interact to boost insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders
Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
In this review, we describe the structural, metabolic and epigenetic changes that occur in response to adverse intrauterine environments including prenatal and postnatal diet, maternal obesity, and pregnancy complication (Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity)
Grade of inflammation in boys with type 1 diabetes depends on the IVS1 -397T>C estrogen receptor α polymorphism
Our findings suggest that the presence of -397T allele may indicate macro- and microvascular complications in DM1 boys, before the occurrence of first clinical symptoms (Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications)
Epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications and metabolic memory
In this review, we highlight the emerging role of epigenetics and epigenomics in the vascular complications of diabetes and metabolic memory (Diabetologia)
A Double-Edged Sword against Type 1 Diabetes
An inhibitor of a class of epigenetic-modifier proteins prevents and cures type 1 diabetes in a mouse model, probably through a dual effect on the macrophage and beta cell (NEJM)
Diabetes reversal via gene transfer: building on successes in animal models
The aim of this review is to evaluate the success of cell and gene therapy to reverse T1D in animal models for future clinical application (Dove Press)
A pharmacogenetic association between a variation in calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene and the response to metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes
The present study provides the first observation of an association between a variant in CAPN10 gene and the response to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. This observation needs to be replicated in further studies in different populations (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)
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