This review summarizes pharmacogenomic evidence of some current antidiabetic agents applied in clinical settings, and highlights potential drugs with new targets for diabetes, which represent a more effective treatment in the future (Diabetes Therapy)
Diabetes News
Category: Medication
Potential Unrealized Mortality Benefit of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors
This analysis indicates unrealized opportunities to reduce mortality in selected Veterans with T2D and CAD via increased use of GLP‐1RA and SGLT2i (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Lower Cardiorenal Risk with Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors versus Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients without Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases
In this multinational observational study, SGLT2i was associated with lower risk of heart failure and chronic kidney disease versus DPP4i in T2D patients otherwise free from both cardiovascular and renal disease (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Metformin improves blood glucose by increasing incretins independent of changes in gluconeogenesis in youth with type 2 diabetes
Overall, the improved postprandial blood glucose levels and increase in incretins observed in the absence of changes in insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis, support an enteroinsular mechanistic pathway in youth with type 2 diabetes treated with short-term metformin (Diabetologia)
Clinical application of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor into a real-world setting of heart failure care
Based on the current understandings and lessons learned from the most recent studies, we discussed the importance of future research on the safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor in clinical situations of HF other than those examined in previous cardiovascular outcome trials (Cardiovascular Diabetology)
Comparison of glucagons like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptide-4 inhibitors regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis
These data indicate that SGLT-2is is more beneficial to MACE and all-cause mortality in T2DM patients than DPP-4is (Primary Care Diabetes)
Diabetes-Related Effectiveness and Cost of Liraglutide or Insulin in German Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 5-Year Retrospective Claims Analysis
The clinical effectiveness of liraglutide is maintained long term (up to 5 years). Liraglutide treatment is not associated with higher total direct healthcare costs (Diabetes Therapy)
Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors Used in Combination with Insulin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
The addition of DPP4i to insulin is associated with a statistically significant reduction in glycemic control as measured by HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and 2-h postprandial glucose, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. These conclusions were also observed in both stable-dose and flexible-dose insulin subgroups (Diabetes Therapy)
Efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide vs empagliflozin added to metformin in type 2 diabetes: patient-level meta-analysis
This indirect comparison suggests that OW semaglutide 1 mg provides superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight vs OD empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D when added to metformin monotherapy (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism)
Will oral semaglutide be a game-changer in the management of type 2 diabetes in primary care?
In clinical trials, oral semaglutide 14 mg reduced mean HbA1c by approximately 1.1–1.5% and reduced body weight by up to 5 kg. The most common side effects were gastrointestinal, mainly mild-to-moderate and transient nausea. Oral semaglutide may offer a practical and effective means of managing people living with T2D who require treatment intensification, and may change the paradigm of care in the primary care setting (Primary Care Diabetes)
Risk of Anemia With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A MASTERMIND Study
Metformin use is associated with early risk of anemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, a finding consistent across two RCTs and replicated in one real-world study (Diabetes Care)
A Review on Semaglutide: An Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
This review describes the basic and clinical pharmacology of orally administered semaglutide. It highlights the PIONEER clinical trial programme results, and reviews the efficacy, safety and tolerability (Diabetes Therapy)
Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Endothelial Function
Preclinical studies indicate that SGLT-2 inhibitors attenuate vascular dysfunction in preclinical models via a combination of mechanisms that appear to act independently of glucose-lowering benefits (Diabetes Therapy)
Real-world adherence, persistence, and in-class switching during use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Adherence to and persistence with DPP4 inhibitors is suboptimal but similar across all medications within the class. While in-class switching is uncommon, saxagliptin and alogliptin are the DPP4 inhibitors most commonly switched (Acta Diabetologica)
A systematic review examining the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
There is heterogeneous, yet consistent data supporting the beneficial effects of SLGT2is on inflammatory and oxidative stress. Change in serum CRP appears to be independent of change in HbA1c (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Comparative effectiveness of gliclazide modified release vs sitagliptin as second‐line treatment after metformin monotherapy in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
In this real‐world study, second‐line gliclazide MR was more effective than sitagliptin in reducing HbA1c, with similar durability and persistence and low rates of hypoglycaemic events, in individuals with type 2 diabetes on metformin treatment and HbA1c above the target of 7.0% (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Relationship between metformin therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Metformin therapy is associated with a significantly reduced risk of colorectal disease in patients with diabetes, and it is necessary to conduct larger, more standardized clinical studies to verify this conclusion (International Journal of Colorectal Disease)
Evaluating the impact of AMPK activation, a target of metformin, on risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomisation study
This study provides some genetic evidence that AMPK activation by metformin may protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer, which needs to be confirmed by randomised controlled trials (Diabetalogia)
Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and the Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with an almost 3-fold increased risk for DKA, with molecule-specific analyses suggesting a class effect (Annals of Internal Medicine)
Impact of a Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist, Albiglutide, on Glycemic Control and on Reducing Prandial Insulin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Multiple Insulin Therapy
A once-weekly GLP-1RA was able to substitute for prandial insulin in 54% of people, substantially reducing the number of prandial insulin injections; glycemic control improved, with the added benefits of weight loss and less hypoglycemia in the GLP-1RA arm. Replacing prandial insulin with a weekly GLP-1RA can simplify basal plus prandial insulin treatments and achieve better outcomes in type 2 diabetes (Diabetes Care)
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