Raised variability in HbA1c and lipid parameters are associated with an elevated risk in both diabetic complications and all-cause mortality. The association between hypoglycemic frequency, baseline NLR, and both HbA1c and lipid variability implicate a role for inflammation in mediating adverse outcomes in diabetes, but this should be explored further in future studies (BMC Endocrine Disorders)
Diabetes News
Category: Pathology
Reduced beta cell number rather than size is a major contributor to beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes
Both beta cell size and number were reduced in participants with type 2 diabetes, with the relative reduction in beta cell number being greater. Decrease in beta cell number appears to be a major contributor to reduced BCM in type 2 diabetes (Diabetologia)
Associations between attainment of incentivized primary care indicators and incident lower limb amputation among those with type 2 diabetes: a population-based historical cohort study
Comprehensive primary care-based secondary prevention may offer considerable protection against diabetes-related amputation. This has important implications for diabetes management and medical decision-making for patients, as well as type 2 diabetes quality improvement programs (BMJ Open, Diabetes Research & Care)
The impact of dusk phenomenon on total glucose exposure in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes
The incidence of dusk phenomenon is about 27.3% in people with type 2 diabetes. The impacts of dusk phenomenon on HbA1c and 24-hour mean glucose were about 0.4% and 0.9 mmol/L and the dusk phenomenon was not related with the dawn phenomenon (Medicine)
Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
In this study, a diet with a high glycemic index was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death (NEJM)
Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone
Glycemia is strongly associated with β-cell dysfunction in adults with early T2DM treated with metformin alone. Efforts to improve glycemia should focus on interventions aimed at improving β-cell function (Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications)
Early markers of periodontal disease and altered oral microbiota are associated with glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes
Children with type 1 diabetes showed a continuous relationship between less favorable glycemic control and increased early markers of periodontal disease. Glycemic control was also related to the complexity and richness of the plaque microbiota, with diversity increasing as HbA1c levels increase (Pediatric Diabetes)
Prescription of glucose-lowering therapies and risk of COVID-19 mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide observational study in England
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no clear indication to change prescribing of glucose-lowering drugs in people with type 2 diabetes (Lancet)
Gut microbiota compositions and metabolic functions in type 2 diabetes differ with glycemic durability to metformin monotherapy
There were different compositions of gut microbiota with unique microbial metabolic pathways between type 2 diabetes with and without glycemic durability to metformin monotherapy. Microbial salvage by increasing thiamine biosynthesis might be beneficial for the metformin durable group to maintain optimal glycemic control (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Trends in predominant causes of death in individuals with and without diabetes in England from 2001 to 2018: an epidemiological analysis of linked primary care records
The decline in vascular death rates has been accompanied by a diversification of causes in individuals with diagnosed diabetes and a transition from vascular diseases to cancers as the leading contributor to diabetes-related death. Clinical and preventative approaches must reflect this trend to reduce the excess mortality risk in individuals with diabetes (Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology)
Residual β cell function in long-term type 1 diabetes associates with reduced incidence of hypoglycemia
β Cell function can persist in long-duration T1DM. With a peak C-peptide concentration of >0.03 nmol/L, we observed clinically meaningful reductions in the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia (Journal of Clinical Investigation)
Lack of awareness of liver organ damage in patients with type 2 diabetes
Despite increasing evidence of a frequent hepatic involvement associated with poor prognosis, awareness of suffering of advanced liver disease in patients with T2D is remarkably low, likely reflecting little recognition also among the team of health care professionals (Acta Diabetologica)
Impact of age at type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis on mortality and vascular complications: systematic review and meta-analyses
Younger, rather than older, age at diabetes diagnosis was associated with higher risk of mortality and vascular disease. Early and sustained interventions to delay type 2 diabetes onset and improve blood glucose levels and cardiovascular risk profiles of those already diagnosed are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality (Diabetologia)
Risks of and risk factors for COVID-19 disease in people with diabetes: a cohort study of the total population of Scotland
Overall risks of fatal or critical care unit-treated COVID-19 were substantially elevated in those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the background population. The risk of fatal or critical care unit-treated COVID-19, and therefore the need for special protective measures, varies widely among those with diabetes but can be predicted reasonably well using previous clinical history (The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology)
Comparing the bone mineral density among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes and classical type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and exploring risk factors for osteoporosis
Compared with male patients with T2DM, lower BMDs were observed in patients with LADA and T1DM. Low BMI, uric acid, C-peptide levels, and high osteocalcin levels are risk factors for developing low BMD in male patients with diabetes (Journal of Endocrinological Investigation)
Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: comparative analysis of classical and latent presentation
Patients with classic T1DM presented more often with symptoms, lower BMI and higher number of autoantibodies, which may be related to a more aggressive autoimmune process. Patients with LADA developed more frequently microvascular complications for the same disease duration, namely diabetic nephropathy, and had more often metabolic syndrome (Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome)
Glycemic control before admission is an important determinant of prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
HbA1c was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Severe pulmonary infection and consequent acute respiratory distress syndrome might be the primary causes of death in insufficient glycemic control patients (Journal of Diabetes Investigation)
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals With Diabetes
Higher serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D status may lower mortality risk in individuals with diabetes (Diabetes Care)
The Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases in Longstanding Diabetes: Results from the Canadian Study of Longevity in Type 1 Diabetes
Lifetime risk of autoimmune disease in longstanding T1D approaches 50%, is greater in females, and is driven by thyroid disease. The probability of diabetes complications such as CVD was lower in those with autoimmune disease, which was driven mostly by non-thyroid autoimmune diseases (Canadian Journal of Diabetes)
Comparing Beta Cell Preservation Across Clinical Trials in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Several immunotherapies have demonstrated endogenous insulin preservation in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). We considered the primary results of rituximab, abatacept, teplizumab, alefacept, high-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG), low-dose ATG, and low-dose ATG ± granulocyte-colony–stimulating factor trials in an attempt to rank the effectiveness of the agents studied. C-peptide 2-h area under the curve means were modeled using analysis of covariance (Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics)
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