Using highly-sensitive assays, testing for three autoantibodies fails to detect islet autoimmunity in approximately 1/20 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Testing for IAA in children <5 years and GADA in those >10 years was the most effective strategy for detecting islet autoimmunity. The ability to test for all islet autoantibodies should inform clinical decisions and make screening for monogenic diabetes more cost-effective (Diabetic Medicine)
Diabetes News
Tag: autoantibodies
A Longitudinal Assessment of Diabetes Autoantibodies in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study
DA status likely remains stable in the first 7 years after diabetes diagnosis. Younger age at diabetes diagnosis and longer duration were associated with less persistence of DAs. Measuring DAs after initial presentation may aid in diabetes classification but not likely in predicting the clinical course (Pediatric Diabetes)
Screening Strategy for Islet Autoantibodies in Diabetes Patients of Different Ages
In patients stratified according to the cutoff age of 35 years, the optimal detection sequence should be GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A in younger patients and GADA, ZnT8A, and IA-2A in older patients, so as to reduce the screening cost while improving the detection rate. Particularly, the ZnT8A test is recommended in older patients to avoid a missed LAD diagnosis (Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics)
Diagnostic value of combined islet antigen-reactive T cells and autoantibodies assays for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Enzyme-linked immunospot assays in combination with Abs detection could improve the diagnostic sensitivity of autoimmune diabetes (Journal of Diabetes Investigation)
Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 further stratify the autoantibody-defined risk for type 1 diabetes in a general population of schoolchildren and have distinctive isoform binding patterns in different forms of autoimmune diabetes
Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies are useful markers for prediction of type 1 diabetes in a general population, further stratifying the risk of progression in autoantibody-positive children (Diabetic Medicine)
Prevalence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies among patients presenting with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic differences
Patients with LADA positive for either of the autoantibodies (GAD65, ZnT8 and IAA) presented with worse glycemic control. Measurement of these autoantibodies can assist in discrimination of these patients and help with earlier control of glycemic profile (Primary Care Diabetes)
Testing for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): is it clinically useful?
From several epidemiological studies it appears that diabetes-related autoimmunity is not a main factor in the aetiology of GDM, accounting for less than 10% of all cases (BMC Endocrine Disorders)
The elusive role of B lymphocytes and islet autoantibodies in (human) type 1 diabetes
These new findings may guide the research community to design experiments to unambiguously define whether B lymphocytes or their products function as fire, smoke or perhaps ice water in the immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (Diabetologia)
Type 1 diabetes: a disease of developmental origins
The majority of children who present with clinical type 1 diabetes are of school age; however 80% of children who develop type 1 diabetes by 18 years of age will have detectable islet autoantibodies by 3 years of age. The evolving concept that type 1 diabetes in many children has developmental origins has directed research questions in search of prevention back to pregnancy and early life. (Pediatric Diabetes)
Positivity for Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibodies at Diagnosis Is Subsequently Associated With Reduced β-Cell Function and Higher Exogenous Insulin Requirement in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Positivity for ZnT8A at diagnosis seems to reflect a more aggressive disease process before and after diagnosis (Diabetes Care)
Islet autoantibody status in a multi-ethnic UK clinic cohort of children presenting with diabetes
Islet autoantibody positivity was associated with a more severe phenotype, as demonstrated by poorer glycaemic control, regardless of assigned diabetes subtype. Positivity did not differ by ethnic group (Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Relationship of adiponectin and leptin with autoimmunity in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes: a pilot study
These pilot data showing those with the fewest autoantibodies had the lowest adiponectin levels, supporting the concept that insulin-resistant subjects may present with clinical T1D at earlier stages of β-cell damage (Pediatric Diabetes)
Biomarkers related to severe hypoglycaemia and lack of good glycaemic control in ACCORD
C-peptide and islet autoantibodies may serve as biomarkers to predict the risk of severe hypoglycaemia during intensification of type 2 diabetes treatment (Diabetologia)
Predictors of Progression From the Appearance of Islet Autoantibodies to Early Childhood Diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)
In the TEDDY study, children who have progressed to diabetes usually expressed two or more autoantibodies. Higher IAA and IA-2A levels, but not GADA levels, increased the risk of diabetes in those children who were persistently autoantibody positive (Diabetes Care)
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