This is the largest comprehensive review of RCTs in this area. It demonstrates a lack of robust evidence that interventions to improve glucose control preserve beta cell function in new onset type 1 diabetes, although analysis was hampered by low quality evidence and inconsistent reporting of studies (Diabetic Medicine)
Diabetes News
Tag: beta cell
The pathophysiology of glucose intolerance in newly diagnosed, untreated T2DM
This study utilising improved assay technology re-affirms that beta-cell dysfunction is evident throughout the spectrum of glucose intolerance, whereas the predominant fall in insulin sensitivity occurs early in its evolution (Acta Diabetologica)
Reduced beta cell number rather than size is a major contributor to beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes
Both beta cell size and number were reduced in participants with type 2 diabetes, with the relative reduction in beta cell number being greater. Decrease in beta cell number appears to be a major contributor to reduced BCM in type 2 diabetes (Diabetologia)
Comparing Beta Cell Preservation Across Clinical Trials in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Several immunotherapies have demonstrated endogenous insulin preservation in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). We considered the primary results of rituximab, abatacept, teplizumab, alefacept, high-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG), low-dose ATG, and low-dose ATG ± granulocyte-colony–stimulating factor trials in an attempt to rank the effectiveness of the agents studied. C-peptide 2-h area under the curve means were modeled using analysis of covariance (Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics)
Biomarkers in Islet Cell Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes
Recent advances in identifying accurate beta cell-specific biomarkers such as differentially methylated insulin cell-free DNA and circulating miRNA-375 may help predict clinical outcomes (Current Diabetes Reports)
Beta cell stress in a 4‐year follow‐up of patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal analysis of the BetaDecline Study
In this cohort of patients with T2DM, beta cell function progressively deteriorated despite current therapies. Among a large set of clinical and biochemical predictors, only baseline HbA1c levels and their deterioration overtime were associated with higher beta cell stress over time (Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews)
Risk of beta-cell autoimmunity presence for progression to type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This study established the association between the seroconversion of islet autoantibodies and T1DM progression in nondiabetic people with or without definite genetic susceptibility, providing further evidence for an extensive application in routine clinical practice to identify individuals at risk of T1DM (Journal of Autoimmunity)
A 2-year Trial of Intermittent Insulin Therapy versus Metformin for the Preservation of Beta-cell Function after Initial Short-term Intensive Insulin Induction in early Type 2 Diabetes
Following induction IIT, metformin was superior to intermittent IIT for maintaining beta-cell function and glycemic control over 2-years. The strategy of induction and maintenance therapy to preserve beta-cell function warrants exploration in early T2DM (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Sox5 regulates beta-cell phenotype and is reduced in type 2 diabetes
We suggest that human islets in T2D display changes reminiscent of dedifferentiation and highlight SOX5 as a regulator of β-cell phenotype and function (Nature Communications)
Incidence and correlated factors of beta cell failure in a 4-year follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal analysis of the BETADECLINE study
Our results show that commonly measured parameters may predict treatment failure in type 2 diabetes and suggest that early treatment with metformin plus secretagogues may foretell this failure (Acta Diabetologica)
The influence of glucagon on postprandial hyperglycaemia in children 5 years after onset of type 1 diabetes
Postprandial glucagon levels were associated with deterioration of glycaemic control and declining beta cell function in the first 5 years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (Diabetologia)
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