This review covers recommendations for acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS, the complications associated with these disorders, and methods for preventing recurrence. It also discusses why many patients who present with these disorders are at high risk for hospital readmissions, early morbidity, and mortality well beyond the acute presentation (BMJ)
Diabetes News
Tag: hyperglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: review of acute decompensated diabetes in adult patients
This review covers recommendations for acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS, the complications associated with these disorders, and methods for preventing recurrence. It also discusses why many patients who present with these disorders are at high risk for hospital readmissions, early morbidity, and mortality well beyond the acute presentation (BMJ)
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Childhood Glucose Metabolism
Offspring exposed to untreated GDM in utero are insulin resistant with limited β-cell compensation compared with offspring of mothers without GDM. GDM is significantly and independently associated with childhood IGT (Diabetes Care)
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism
Across the maternal glucose spectrum, exposure to higher levels in utero is significantly associated with childhood glucose and insulin resistance independent of maternal and childhood BMI and family history of diabetes (Diabetes Care)
A randomized comparison of three prandial insulin dosing algorithms for children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
The Pankowska Equation resulted in reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia at the expense of an increase in hypoglycaemia. There were no significant differences when carbohydrate counting was compared to the Food Insulin Index. Further research is required to optimize prandial insulin dosing (Diabetic Medicine)
Glucose alert system improves health professional responses to adverse glycaemia and reduces the number of hyperglycaemic episodes in non‐critical care inpatients
Use of a novel glucose alert system improved health professional responses to adverse glycaemia and decreased hyperglycaemia in the hospital setting (Diabetic Medicine)
The Pathophysiology of Hyperglycemia in Older Adults: Clinical Considerations
This paper reviews the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes among older adults and the implications for hyperglycemia management in this population (Diabetes Care)
Management of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes in Orthopedic Surgery
This paper considers the issues surrounding orthopaedic surgery in patients with diabetes and the significance and management of hyperglycemia in the peri-operative period (Current Diabetes Reports)
The identification and treatment of women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: an analysis of individual participant data, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and an economic evaluation
Using the national standard cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per QALY it is not cost-effective to routinely identify pregnant women for treatment of hyperglycaemia. Further research to provide evidence on longer-term outcomes, and more cost-effective ways to detect and treat GDM, would be valuable (NIH)
Are There Benefits for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Treating Lower Levels of Hyperglycemia Than Standard Recommendations?
These findings suggest a continuous association between adverse outcomes and maternal hyperglycemia and highlight the important role of maternal risk factors other than glycemic results in the development of pregnancy-related complications. Milder forms of hyperglycemia that would not be identified by IADPSG guidelines may benefit from treatment (Canadian Journal of Diabetes)
Association between hyperglycaemia and adverse perinatal outcomes in south Asian and white British women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort
Our data support the use of lower fasting and post-load glucose thresholds to diagnose gestational diabetes in south Asian than white British women (BMJ)
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome in children: Patient characteristics, diagnostic delays and associated complications
Characteristics of children with HSS are variable for age, gender and BMI-for-age percentile and not predominately limited to obese male adolescent African-American. Delay in diagnosis is common and morbidity and mortality in paediatric HHS are significant (Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health)
Management of Hyperglycemia and Enteral Nutrition in the Hospitalized Patient
This review discusses the incidence of hyperglycemia, the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia, factors contributing to hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient, glycemic management goals, current glycemic management recommendations, and considerations for EN formula selection, administration, and treatment (Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Management of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state in adults with diabetes
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is a medical emergency, which differs from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and requires a different approach (Diabetic Medicine)
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015
A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (Diabetes Care)
Early phase glucagon and insulin secretory abnormalities, but not incretin secretion, are similarly responsible for hyperglycemia after ingestion of nutrients
Disordered early phase insulin and glucagon secretions but not incretin secretion are involved in hyperglycemia after ingestion of nutrients in T2DM of even a short duration (Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications)
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