Metformin users compared with sulfonylurea users were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, AD and VD but not with PD or MCI. Age and renal function modified risk reduction. Our findings support the hypothesis that metformin provides more neuroprotection for dementia than sulfonylureas but not for PD, but further work is required to assess causality (BMJ)
Diabetes News
Tag: metformin
Metformin and reduced vitamin B12 levels: new advice for monitoring patients at risk
We are therefore advising checking vitamin B12 serum levels in patients being treated with metformin who have symptoms suggestive of vitamin B12 deficiency (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency)
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study
Neither metformin nor lifestyle reduced major cardiovascular events in DPPOS over 21 years despite long-term prevention of diabetes. Provision of group lifestyle intervention to all, extensive out-of-study use of statin and antihypertensive agents, and reduction in the use of study metformin together with out-of-study metformin use over time may have diluted the effects of the interventions (Circulation)
Role of human organic cation transporter-1 (OCT-1/SLC22A1) in modulating the response to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Taken together, our results corroborate the role of OCT-1 in the transport of metformin and also point at OCT1 genetic variations possibly affecting the transport of metformin into the cells and hence its subsequent action in responders and non-responders (BMC Endocrine Disorders)
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin
As first-line T2D treatment, initiators receiving SGLT-2i showed a similar risk for MI/stroke/mortality, lower risk for HHF/mortality and HHF, and a similar safety profile except for an increased risk for genital infections compared with those receiving metformin (Annals of Internal Medicine)
Sitagliptin / Metformin hydrochloride Accord
On 19 May 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorisation for the medicinal product Sitagliptin/Metformin hydrochloride Accord, intended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bioequivalence Studies of New Generic Formulations of Vildagliptin and Fixed-Drug Combination of Vildagliptin and Metformin Versus Respective Originator Products in Healthy Volunteers
The new generic drug products of vildagliptin and the FDCs of vildagliptin and metformin demonstrated bioequivalence to the approved originator products and are therefore expected to provide similar therapeutic effects (Diabetes Therapy)
Effects of canagliflozin and metformin on insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Canagliflozin reduces visceral adipose tissue and improves blood glucose, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes (BMC Endocrine Disorders volume)
Combination Therapy with Pioglitazone/Exenatide Metformin Reduces the Prevalence of Hepatic Fibrosis and Steatosis: The Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT) Trial
(i) At EOS T2DM subjects treated with Triple Therapy had less hepatic steatosis and fibrosis versus Conventional Therapy; (ii) severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis both were strongly and inversely correlated with insulin resistance; (iii) changes in liver fibrosis scores (APRI, NFS, FIB-4, AST/ALT ratio) have limited value in predicting response to therapy (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Effect of Maternal Metformin Treatment in Pregnancy on Neonatal Metabolism: Evidence From Newborn Metabolic Screening
We have identified subtle (nonpathological) changes in neonatal metabolism that represent a signature effect of fetal metformin exposure (Diabetes Care)
Renal hemodynamic effects differ between antidiabetic combination strategies: randomized controlled clinical trial comparing empagliflozin/linagliptin with metformin/insulin glargine
In patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved renal function treatment with M+I resulted in reduction of renal perfusion and increase in vascular resistance, in contrast to treatment with E+I that preserved renal perfusion and reduced vascular resistance (Cardiovascular Diabetology)
Effect of Maternal Metformin Treatment in Pregnancy on Neonatal Metabolism: Evidence From Newborn Metabolic Screening
We have identified subtle (nonpathological) changes in neonatal metabolism that represent a signature effect of fetal metformin exposure (Diabetes Care)
Metformin for pediatric obesity and insulin resistance: a retrospective study within an integrated health care system
Metformin with lifestyle interventions significantly reduced weight, BMI, and BMI z score in pediatric patients with obesity and insulin resistance up to 24 months, compared with intensive and routine counseling alone (Obesity)
Metformin Affects Gut Microbiome Composition and Function and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Randomized Trial
Metformin, but not behavioral weight loss, impacted gut microbiota composition at 6 months and 12 months. Both metformin and behavioral weight loss altered circulating SCFAs at 6 months, including increasing acetate, which correlated with lower fasting insulin (Diabetes Care)
Effectiveness of antidiabetic agents for treatment of gestational diabetes: A methodological quality assessment of meta-analyses and network meta-analysis
This review study of available literature shows that metformin can be a superior option in most neonatal and maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus; the results need to be further updated by including future more qualified studies (Journal of Diabetes Investigation)
GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiovascular outcomes with and without metformin. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials
Subgroup analyses suggested that treatment with GLP-1 RAs has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular outcomes irrespective of baseline use of metformin. However, given the exploratory nature of subgroup analyses, these findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating rather than conclusive evidence (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone
Glycemia is strongly associated with β-cell dysfunction in adults with early T2DM treated with metformin alone. Efforts to improve glycemia should focus on interventions aimed at improving β-cell function (Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications)
Metformin and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta‐analyses
Observational evidence on metformin seems largely unreliable. Randomized evidence shows benefits for preventing diabetes and in some gynaecological and obstetrical settings. However, almost all meta‐analyses are of low or critically low quality according to AMSTAR 2 criteria (European Journal of Clinical Investigation)
Gut microbiota compositions and metabolic functions in type 2 diabetes differ with glycemic durability to metformin monotherapy
There were different compositions of gut microbiota with unique microbial metabolic pathways between type 2 diabetes with and without glycemic durability to metformin monotherapy. Microbial salvage by increasing thiamine biosynthesis might be beneficial for the metformin durable group to maintain optimal glycemic control (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)
Metformin Benefits: Another Example for Alternative Energy Substrate Mechanism?
These effects may be considered as being to some extent similar to those produced by SGLT2is, another class of glucose-lowering agents with proven cardiorenal protection. The metabolic effects of metformin and SGLT2is may indeed have some similarities (Diabetes Care)
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