This meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials provides evidence that dietary macronutrients have diverse effects on glucose-insulin homeostasis. In comparison to carbohydrate, SFA, or MUFA, most consistent favourable effects were seen with PUFA, which was linked to improved glycaemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion capacity (PLOS Medicine)
Diabetes News
Category: Diet
Dietary Diversity, Diet Cost, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the United Kingdom: A Prospective Cohort Study
A diet characterized by regular consumption of all five food groups and by greater variety of dairy, fruit, and vegetable subtypes, appears important for a reduced risk of diabetes. However, such a diet is more expensive. Public health efforts to prevent diabetes should include food price policies to promote healthier, more varied diets (PLoS Medicine)
Consumption of Meals Prepared at Home and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis of Two Prospective Cohort Studies
In two large prospective cohort studies, frequent consumption of MPAH is associated with a lower risk of developing T2D, and this association is partly attributable to less weight gain linked with this dining behavior (PLoS Medicine)
Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women
Our study suggests that plant-based diets, especially when rich in high-quality plant foods, are associated with substantially lower risk of developing T2D. This supports current recommendations to shift to diets rich in healthy plant foods, with lower intake of less healthy plant and animal foods (PLoS Medicine)
Dietary Fatty Acids Differentially Associate with Fasting Versus 2-Hour Glucose Homeostasis: Implications for The Management of Subtypes of Prediabetes
Major findings from the current study demonstrate that dietary SFA intake corresponded to higher fasting and 2hPG concentration, whereas dietary trans fats and PUFA had opposing effects that were limited to processes regulating 2hPG. Our findings raise the possibility that dietary advice targeted to the specific pathophysiological defects in both IFG and IGT could increase the effectiveness of traditional lifestyle modification programs (PLOS)
Effects of Initiating Moderate Alcohol Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
This long-term RCT suggests that initiating moderate wine intake, especially red wine, among well-controlled diabetics as part of a healthy diet is apparently safe and modestly decreases cardiometabolic risk. The genetic interactions suggest that ethanol plays an important role in glucose metabolism, and red wine’s effects also involve nonalcoholic constituents (Annals of Internal Medicine)
Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses
Using personal and microbiome features enables accurate glucose response prediction (Cell)
Effects of Initiating Moderate Alcohol Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
This long-term RCT suggests that initiating moderate wine intake, especially red wine, among well-controlled diabetics as part of a healthy diet is apparently safe and modestly decreases cardiometabolic risk. The genetic interactions suggest that ethanol plays an important role in glucose metabolism, and red wine’s effects also involve nonalcoholic constituents (Annals of Internal Medicine)
A critical review of low-carbohydrate diets in people with Type 2 diabetes
Total energy intake remains the dietary predictor of body weight. A LCD appears no different from a high-carbohydrate diet in terms of metabolic markers and glycaemic control (Diabetic Medicine)
A pilot study to explore the role of a lowcarbohydrate intervention to improve GGT levels and HbA1c
In this article, the authors present their findings and question the role of dietary CHO in the aetiology of abnormal liver biochemistry and diabetes (Diabesity in Practice)
Bolus Estimation—Rethinking the Effect of Meal Fat Content
In addition to considering the putative delay in gastric emptying associated with HF meals, we suggest that clinicians reviewing patient records consider that the fat content of these meals may alter SI (Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics)
Influence of dietary fat and carbohydrates proportions on plasma lipids, glucose control and low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes—The TOSCA.IT Study
The data support the potential for reducing the intake of fat and added sugars, preferring complex, slowly absorbable, carbohydrates (European Journal of Nutrition)
The association of substituting carbohydrates with total fat and different types of fatty acids with mortality and weight change among diabetes patients
In diabetes patients, substitution of carbohydrates with SFAs was associated with a higher CVD mortality risk and substitution by total fat was associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk. Substitution of carbohydrates with MUFAs may be associated with lower mortality risk and weight reduction. Instead of promoting replacement of carbohydrates by total fat, dietary guideline should continue focusing on replacement by fat-subtypes; especially SFAs by MUFAs (Clinical Nutrition)
Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes
Saturated fats are not associated with all cause mortality, CVD, CHD, ischemic stroke, or type 2 diabetes, but the evidence is heterogeneous with methodological limitations (BMJ)
A journey into a Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analyses
The Mediterranean diet was associated with better glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors than control diets, including a lower fat diet, suggesting that it is suitable for the overall management of type 2 diabetes (BMJ Open)
Six and 12 Weeks of Caloric Restriction Increases β Cell Function and Lowers Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Six weeks of caloric restriction lowers fasting glucose and EGP with accompanying improvements in β cell function in people with type 2 diabetes. An additional 6 wk of caloric restriction maintained the improvement in glucose metabolism (Journal of Nutrition)
Fasting Until Noon Triggers Increased Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Impaired Insulin Response After Lunch and Dinner in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Skipping breakfast increases PPHG after lunch and dinner in association with lower iGLP-1 and impaired insulin response (Diabetes Care)
The Role of Dietary Protein and Fat in Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Intensive Diabetes Management
This article reviews how the fat and protein in a meal impact the postprandial glycaemic response and discusses practical approaches to managing this in clinical practice (Current Diabetes Reports)
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and 10-year incidence (2012-2014) of diabetes
The reported results underline the role of Mediterranean diet as a promising dietary tool for the primary prevention of diabetes, by attenuating inflammation and fostering TAC; thus, this dietary pattern may have a therapeutic potential for a plethora of cardio-metabolic disorders, resulting from inflammation and/or oxidative stress (Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews)
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (SUNNY Trial): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
In a well-controlled group of patients with type 2 diabetes, intermittent high-dose vitamin D supplementation did not improve glycemic control (Diabetes Care)
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